Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church

People v. Woody, 394 P.2d 813 (Cal. 1964)

In re Grady, 394 P.2d 728 (Cal. 1964)

United States v. Leary, 383 F.2d 851 (5th Cir. 1967)

Town v. State, 377 So.2d 648 (Fla. 1979)

Office of Legal Counsel, December 22, 1981

United States v. Middleton, 690 F.2d 820 (11th Cir. 1982)

United States v. Rush, 738 F.2d 497 (1st Cir. 1984)

Olsen v. Iowa, S.D. Iowa No. 83-301-E (S.D. Iowa March 19, 1986)

Commonwealth v. Nissenbaum, 536 N.E.2d 592 (Mass. 1989)

Olsen v. DEA, 878 F.2d 1458 (D.C. Cir. 1989)

King Shipping v. IRS, T.C. Memo 1989-593

Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990)

Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal, 546 U.S. 418 (2006)

Olsen v. Mukasey, 541 F.3d 827 (8th Cir. 2008)


Peyote Exemption for Native American Church - Tuesday, December 22, 1981


Smith v. Employment Division, 301 Or 209 (1986)

Black v. Employment Division, 301 Or 221 (1986)

Employment Division v. Smith, 485 U.S. 660 (1988)

Smith v. Employment Division, 307 Or 68 (1988)

Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990)

Smith v. Employment Division, 310 Or 376 (1990)


O Centro v. Ashcroft, 282 F.Supp.2d 1236 (D.N.M. 2002)

O Centro v. Ashcroft, 282 F.Supp.2d 1271 (D.N.M. 2002)

O Centro v. Ashcroft, 314 F.3d 463 (10th Cir. 2002)

O Centro v. Ashcroft, 342 F.3d 1170 (10th Cir. 2003)

O Centro v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 973 (10th Cir. 2004)


Bone, M., Labate, B. C. (Ed.), & Cavnar, C. (Ed.) (2014).  From the Sacrilegious to the Sacramental: A Global Review of Rastafari Cannabis Case Law.  In Prohibition, Religious Freedom, and Human Rights: Regulating Traditional Drug Use (1 ed., Vol. 1, pp. 89-109). Springer Nature.

From the Sacrilegious to the Sacramental: A Global Review of Rastafari Cannabis Case Law

Dr Melissa Bone

Guidance Regarding Petitions for Religious Exemption - November 20, 2020

Guidance Regarding Petitions for Religious Exemption - February 26, 2018

Guidance Regarding Petitions for Religious Exemption - January 22, 2009

DEA Registration for Religious Organizations

March 29, 1982 - Melanie Dreher

March 29, 1982 - Thomas Francis Reilly